The Party has just begun.

In chapter 1, "Energy, Nature and Society", in The Party's Over, Richard Heinberg discusses about oil, war and the fate of industrial Societies. In this broad idea of his he speaks about how we as humans have created found a new source of energy. This new sources of energies are forms of coal, oil and natural gases. Of course us as just citizens don't think anything behind it but if we think about everything that has lead us to our modern society now, it has also lead us to our economic downfall. Each day it gets worse, and it just won't stops, who say that it won't get worse even in open or closed systems. An open system is a system where energy and matter is exchanged in the environment, a closed system is a system in which energy is only exchanged with the environment and not matter. As open and closed systems are affected today by global warming and oil crisis, our collapse, they will be affected by coal, natural gas and whatever oil is left due to the fact that their just as bad but just provide less energy to us which also happens to be a negative effect to us.

As said in the reading, due to five strategies our economies have grown. The five strategies are takeover, tool use, specialization, scope enlargement, and drawdown. The question is has it grown for the better or the worse? The larger our modern cities become the more energy need in order for it to continue to run and for us not to "begin to disintegrate". Although these strategies will allow us to expand our economy and give more complexity as well as social organizations, we must think about the negative effects on it; how it will it affect us in the long run like oil has.